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Light affects drug stability primarily through energy or thermal effects, particularly in the case of photosensitive medications. When drugs are exposed to light, it can cause chemical reactions that lead to degradation or alteration of the drug’s active ingredients. This photodegradation can result in the formation of harmful by-products, reduced efficacy, or complete inactivation of the medication.

Certain drugs are formulated to remain stable under specific light conditions, and exposure to sunlight or artificial light can initiate instability. For instance, drugs that are sensitive to light, such as some antibiotics and injectable solutions, may require opaque containers to prevent light exposure and preserve their effectiveness.

In contrast, the other options don't directly address the complex ways light interacts with and affects drug stability. While temperature and pH can influence stability, they are not primarily influenced by light exposure itself. Light's role is more potent in generating energy that drives these breakdown reactions. Thus, the correct understanding of light’s impact on drug stability underlines the importance of proper storage and handling to maintain the integrity of sensitive medications.